Nomenclature
Short Name:
LMR1
Full Name:
Lemur tyrosine kinase 1
Alias:
- AATK
- AATYK
- KIAA0641
- Lemur tyrosine kinase 1
- LMTK1
- AATYK1
- Apoptosis-associated tyrosine kinase
- EC 2.7.11.1
- HGNC:21
Classification
Type:
Protein-tyrosine kinase
Group:
TK
Family:
Lmr
SubFamily:
NA
Structure
Mol. Mass (Da):
144,569
# Amino Acids:
1374
# mRNA Isoforms:
3
mRNA Isoforms:
144,569 Da (1374 AA; Q6ZMQ8); 93,226 Da (879 AA; Q6ZMQ8-3); 45,358 Da (446 AA; Q6ZMQ8-2)
4D Structure:
Interacts with CDK5.
1D Structure:
Subfamily Alignment
Domain Distribution:
Post-translation Modifications
For detailed information on phosphorylation of this kinase go to PhosphoNET
Serine phosphorylated:
S81, S222, S525, S700, S1029, S1165, S1168, S1171, S1184, S1187, S1345.
Threonine phosphorylated:
T286, T941, T1344.
Tyrosine phosphorylated:
Y283, Y479.
Distribution
Based on gene microarray analysis from the NCBI
Human Tissue Distribution
% Max Expression:
Mean Expression:
Number of Samples:
Standard Deviation:
% Max Expression:
Mean Expression:
Number of Samples:
Standard Deviation:
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Evolution
Species Conservation
PhosphoNET % Identity:
PhosphoNET % Similarity:
Homologene %
Identity:
PhosphoNET % Identity:
PhosphoNET % Similarity:
Homologene %
Identity:
100
100
100
0
0
94.5
90.8
92.5
92
-
-
79
-
-
-
54.7
60.8
81.5
-
-
-
73.4
78.8
75
-
-
75.5
-
-
-
23.7
35.5
-
-
-
63
-
-
55
44.2
56
60
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
For a wider analysis go to PhosphoNET Evolution in PhosphoNET
Regulation
Activation:
Inhibition:
Synthesis:
Up-regulated during apoptosis.
Degradation:
Protein Kinase Specificity
Matrix of observed frequency (%) of amino acids in aligned protein substrate phosphosites
Matrix Type:
Predicted from the application of the Kinexus Kinase Substrate Predictor Version 2.0 algorithm, which was trained with over 10,000 kinase-protein substrate pairs and 8,000 kinase-peptide substrate pairs.
Domain #:
1
Disease Linkage
General Disease Association:
Cancer
Specific Cancer Types:
Neuroblastomas (NB)
Gene Expression in Cancers:
TranscriptoNET (www.transcriptonet.ca) analysis with mRNA expression data retrieved from the National Center for Biotechnology Information's Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database, which was normalized against 60 abundantly and commonly found proteins, indicated altered expression for this protein kinase as shown here as the percent change from normal tissue controls (%CFC) as supported with the Student T-test in the following types of human cancers: Barrett's esophagus epithelial metaplasia (%CFC= +66, p<0.067); Bladder carcinomas (%CFC= -47, p<0.0005); Lung adenocarcinomas (%CFC= -55, p<0.0001); Ovary adenocarcinomas (%CFC= +250, p<0.001); and Prostate cancer (%CFC= +87). The COSMIC website notes an up-regulated expression score for LMR1 in diverse human cancers of 427, which is 0.9-fold of the average score of 462 for the human protein kinases. The down-regulated expression score of 0 for this protein kinase in human cancers was 100% lower than the average score of 60 for the human protein kinases.
Mutagenesis Experiments:
Insertional mutagenesis studies in mice have not yet revealed a role for this protein kinase in mouse cancer oncogenesis.
Mutation Rate in All Cancers:
Percent mutation rates per 100 amino acids length in human cancers: 0.04 % in 25383 diverse cancer specimens. This rate is -42 % lower than the average rate of 0.075 % calculated for human protein kinases in general.
Mutation Rate in Specific Cancers:
Highest percent mutation rates per 100 amino acids length in human cancers: 0.22 % in 1318 large intestine cancers tested; 0.2 % in 589 stomach cancers tested; 0.16 % in 864 skin cancers tested; 0.16 % in 273 cervix cancers tested; 0.09 % in 1512 liver cancers tested; 0.08 % in 710 oesophagus cancers tested; 0.05 % in 603 endometrium cancers tested; 0.05 % in 1956 lung cancers tested; 0.03 % in 558 thyroid cancers tested; 0.03 % in 548 urinary tract cancers tested; 0.03 % in 1276 kidney cancers tested; 0.02 % in 958 upper aerodigestive tract cancers tested; 0.02 % in 891 ovary cancers tested; 0.02 % in 441 autonomic ganglia cancers tested; 0.01 % in 939 prostate cancers tested; 0.01 % in 2082 central nervous system cancers tested; 0.01 % in 2009 haematopoietic and lymphoid cancers tested; 0.01 % in 1497 breast cancers tested; 0.01 % in 1467 pancreas cancers tested.
Frequency of Mutated Sites:
None > 6 in 20,666 cancer specimens
Comments:
Only 5 deletions, 2 insertions and no complex mutations are noted on the COSMIC website.