Nomenclature
Short Name:
TESK1
Full Name:
Dual-specificity testis-specific protein kinase 1
Alias:
- TES1
- Testicular protein kinase 1
- Testis specific kinase-1
- Testis-specific kinase 1
- Testis-specific kinase-1
- Testis-specific protein kinase 1
Classification
Type:
Protein-serine/threonine kinase
Group:
TKL
Family:
LISK
SubFamily:
TESK
Structure
Mol. Mass (Da):
67684
# Amino Acids:
626
# mRNA Isoforms:
1
mRNA Isoforms:
67,684 Da (626 AA; Q15569)
4D Structure:
Interacts with SPRY4.
1D Structure:
Subfamily Alignment
Domain Distribution:
| Start | End | Domain |
|---|---|---|
| 57 | 315 | Pkinase |
Post-translation Modifications
For detailed information on phosphorylation of this kinase go to PhosphoNET
Acetylated:
K391, K393, K400.
Serine phosphorylated:
S69, S220-, S357, S437+, S440+, S441, S553.
Distribution
Based on gene microarray analysis from the NCBI
Human Tissue Distribution
% Max Expression:
Mean Expression:
Number of Samples:
Standard Deviation:
% Max Expression:
Mean Expression:
Number of Samples:
Standard Deviation:
39
725
16
842
12
234
10
192
72
1360
11
1283
29
539
60
756
39
741
14
699
7
128
46
199
21
386
19
625
60
1122
34
1452
16
299
10
261
16
301
53
458
23
441
22
607
34
632
115
641
34
632
22
982
3
60
7
53
29
539
20
692
11
207
8
129
18
335
110
660
43
806
16
1231
26
490
60
826
33
618
56
613
31
589
18
642
35
654
22
945
28
535
20
678
65
1230
18
1923
48
900
18
1394
100
1881
42
3052
23
429
25
707
41
762
17
1361
37
687
18
856
5
87
14
70
55
1040
18
714
31
578
21
631
22
411
51
601
38
712
31
610
14
267
22
217
Evolution
Species Conservation
PhosphoNET % Identity:
PhosphoNET % Similarity:
Homologene %
Identity:
PhosphoNET % Identity:
PhosphoNET % Similarity:
Homologene %
Identity:
100
100
100
77.3
77.4
100
98.9
99.2
99
-
-
95
-
-
95
43.3
53.8
93
-
-
-
93.1
95.2
93
92.2
94.3
92.5
-
-
-
40.9
50.5
-
40.9
53.2
66
-
-
-
46.3
59.6
66
-
-
-
22
31.3
-
24.9
34.4
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
For a wider analysis go to PhosphoNET Evolution in PhosphoNET
Regulation
Activation:
Phosphorylation of Ser-220 and Ser-440 increases phosphotransferase activity.
Inhibition:
Binding of 14-3-3 beta inhibits phosphotransferase activity.
Synthesis:
NA
Degradation:
NA
Known Upstream Kinases
For further details on these substrates click on the Substrate Short Name or UniProt ID. Phosphosite Location is hyperlinked to PhosphoNET
predictions.
Based on in vitro and/or in vivo phosphorylation data
| Kinase Short Name | UniProt ID (Human) | Phosphosite Location | Phosphosite Sequence | Effect of Phosphorylation |
|---|
Known Downstream Substrates
For further details on these substrates click on the Substrate Short Name or UniProt ID. Phosphosite Location is hyperlinked to PhosphoNET
predictions.
Based on in vitro and/or in vivo phosphorylation data
| Substrate Short Name | UniProt ID (Human) | Phosphosite Location | Phosphosite Sequence | Effect of Phosphorylation |
|---|
Protein Kinase Specificity
Matrix of observed frequency (%) of amino acids in aligned protein substrate phosphosites
Matrix Type:
Predicted from the application of the Kinexus Kinase Substrate Predictor Version 2.0 algorithm, which was trained with over 10,000 kinase-protein substrate pairs and 8,000 kinase-peptide substrate pairs.
Domain #:
1
Inhibitors
For further details on these inhibitors click on the Compound Name and enter it into DrugKiNET or click on the ID's
Based on in vitro and/or in vivo phosphorylation data
| Compound Name | KD, Ki or IC50 (nM) | PubChem ID | ChEMBL ID | PubMed ID |
|---|
Disease Linkage
Gene Expression in Cancers:
TranscriptoNET (www.transcriptonet.ca) analysis with mRNA expression data retrieved from the National Center for Biotechnology Information's Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database, which was normalized against 60 abundantly and commonly found proteins, indicated altered expression for this protein kinase as shown here as the percent change from normal tissue controls (%CFC) as supported with the Student T-test in the following types of human cancers: Breast epithelial cell carcinomas (%CFC= +83, p<0.004); Classical Hodgkin lymphomas (%CFC= +63, p<0.004); Large B-cell lymphomas (%CFC= +157, p<0.002); Ovary adenocarcinomas (%CFC= +103, p<0.034); Pituitary adenomas (ACTH-secreting) (%CFC= -66); Pituitary adenomas (aldosterone-secreting) (%CFC= +89, p<0.038); and Uterine leiomyomas (%CFC= +125, p<0.091). The COSMIC website notes an up-regulated expression score for TESK1 in diverse human cancers of 512, which is 1.1-fold of the average score of 462 for the human protein kinases. The down-regulated expression score of 70 for this protein kinase in human cancers was 1.2-fold of the average score of 60 for the human protein kinases.
Mutagenesis Experiments:
Insertional mutagenesis studies in mice have not yet revealed a role for this protein kinase in mouse cancer oncogenesis.
Mutation Rate in All Cancers:
Percent mutation rates per 100 amino acids length in human cancers: 0.05 % in 25034 diverse cancer specimens. This rate is only -29 % lower than the average rate of 0.075 % calculated for human protein kinases in general.
Mutation Rate in Specific Cancers:
Highest percent mutation rates per 100 amino acids length in human cancers: 0.41 % in 589 stomach cancers tested; 0.23 % in 1296 large intestine cancers tested; 0.16 % in 603 endometrium cancers tested; 0.13 % in 127 biliary tract cancers tested; 0.12 % in 1823 lung cancers tested; 0.11 % in 864 skin cancers tested; 0.08 % in 833 ovary cancers tested; 0.06 % in 273 cervix cancers tested; 0.05 % in 2082 central nervous system cancers tested.
Frequency of Mutated Sites:
None > 2 in 20,318 cancer specimens
Comments:
Only 2 deletions, and no insertions or complex mutations are noted on the COSMIC website.