Cancer, eye disorders

Diabetic macular edema

Diabetic Macular Edema is an eye disease arising from diabetes.
 

Prostate cancer

PKCb may be an oncoprotein (OP). A higher Gleason Score significantly associated with increased PKCb expression in prostate cancer.
 

TranscriptoNET (www.transcriptonet.ca) analysis with mRNA expression data retrieved from the National Center for Biotechnology Information's Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database, which was normalized against 60 abundantly and commonly found proteins, indicated altered expression for this protein kinase as shown here as the percent change from normal tissue controls (%CFC) as supported with the Student T-test in the following types of human cancers: Cervical cancer stage 2A (%CFC= -56, p<0.103); Classical Hodgkin lymphomas (%CFC= -79, p<0.003); Clear cell renal cell carcinomas (cRCC) stage I (%CFC= +48, p<0.043); Colorectal adenocarcinomas (early onset) (%CFC= +111, p<0.004); Large B-cell lymphomas (%CFC= -62, p<0.02); Malignant pleural mesotheliomas (MPM) tumours (%CFC= -49, p<0.007); Oral squamous cell carcinomas (OSCC) (%CFC= +164, p<0.0001); T-cell prolymphocytic leukemia (%CFC= -45, p<0.0001); Uterine fibroids (%CFC= +83, p<0.005); and Uterine leiomyomas from fibroids (%CFC= +115, p<0.031). The COSMIC website notes an up-regulated expression score for PKCb in diverse human cancers of 270, which is 0.6-fold of the average score of 462 for the human protein kinases. The down-regulated expression score of 0 for this protein kinase in human cancers was 100% lower than the average score of 60 for the human protein kinases.

Insertional mutagenesis studies in mice have not yet revealed a role for this protein kinase in mouse cancer oncogenesis.

Percent mutation rates per 100 amino acids length in human cancers: 0.12 % in 25596 diverse cancer specimens. This rate is 1.64-fold higher than the average rate of 0.075 % calculated for human protein kinases in general.

Highest percent mutation rates per 100 amino acids length in human cancers: 1.49 % in 10 peritoneum cancers tested; 0.64 % in 864 skin cancers tested; 0.49 % in 1270 large intestine cancers tested; 0.3 % in 589 stomach cancers tested; 0.22 % in 603 endometrium cancers tested; 0.21 % in 710 oesophagus cancers tested; 0.17 % in 1512 liver cancers tested; 0.16 % in 382 soft tissue cancers tested; 0.15 % in 1956 lung cancers tested; 0.11 % in 548 urinary tract cancers tested; 0.1 % in 891 ovary cancers tested; 0.09 % in 1490 breast cancers tested; 0.09 % in 1360 kidney cancers tested; 0.07 % in 2103 central nervous system cancers tested; 0.06 % in 939 prostate cancers tested; 0.06 % in 2009 haematopoietic and lymphoid cancers tested; 0.05 % in 273 cervix cancers tested; 0.05 % in 1467 pancreas cancers tested; 0.04 % in 1078 upper aerodigestive tract cancers tested.

Most frequent mutations with the number of reports indicated in brackets: A509T (5).

Only 2 deletions, 2 insertions, and no complex mutations are noted on the COSMIC website. About 30% of the point mutations are silent and do not change the amino acid sequence of the protein kinase.