Nomenclature
Short Name:
TAO1
Full Name:
Serine-threonine-protein kinase TAO1
Alias:
- EC 2.7.11.1
- FLJ14314
- PSK2
- STE20-like kinase PSK2
- TAOK1
- TAO kinase 1
- HKFC-B
- KIAA1361
- MAP3K16
- MARKK
Classification
Type:
Protein-serine/threonine kinase
Group:
STE
Family:
STE20
SubFamily:
TAO
Structure
Mol. Mass (Da):
116,070
# Amino Acids:
1001
# mRNA Isoforms:
3
mRNA Isoforms:
116,070 Da (1001 AA; Q7L7X3); 97,526 Da (853 AA; Q7L7X3-3); 46,163 Da (398 AA; Q7L7X3-2)
4D Structure:
Self-associates. Interacts with MKK3 By similarity. Interacts with MAP3K7
1D Structure:
Subfamily Alignment
Domain Distribution:
| Start | End | Domain |
|---|---|---|
| 28 | 281 | Pkinase |
| 458 | 651 | Coiled-coil |
| 754 | 877 | Coiled-coil |
Kinexus Products
Click on entries below for direct links to relevant products from Kinexus for this protein kinase.
hiddentext
Post-translation Modifications
For detailed information on phosphorylation of this kinase go to PhosphoNET
Acetylated:
K546.
Serine phosphorylated:
S9, S66, S181+, S417, S421, S426, S445, S554, S714, S958, S959, S965, S974, S987, S990.
Threonine phosphorylated:
T185, T440, T480, T502+, T576, T643+, T669, T734, T785+, T1001.
Tyrosine phosphorylated:
Y43, Y107, Y309, Y406, Y432, Y610.
Ubiquitinated:
K818.
Distribution
Based on gene microarray analysis from the NCBI
Human Tissue Distribution
% Max Expression:
Mean Expression:
Number of Samples:
Standard Deviation:
% Max Expression:
Mean Expression:
Number of Samples:
Standard Deviation:
32
1077
22
947
9
309
11
541
3
112
1
0
10
336
75
577
22
749
24
557
4
128
46
88
1.5
50
25
29
100
3369
24
7177
18
612
10
559
5
163
61
190
3
111
16
186
24
817
84
675
3
116
14
86
5
167
8
181
1.5
50
13
74
6
193
14
390
2
68
82
112
4
138
8
257
7
227
57
539
25
835
86
701
6
193
12
317
3
87
12
78
2
76
2
46
19
630
10
991
6
200
12
293
46
1555
48
3065
3
110
17
113
8
260
8
314
13
444
8
627
2
65
28
46
27
913
18
641
38
1276
28
2573
7
247
69
413
31
1032
52
834
18
615
35
730
Evolution
Species Conservation
PhosphoNET % Identity:
PhosphoNET % Similarity:
Homologene %
Identity:
PhosphoNET % Identity:
PhosphoNET % Similarity:
Homologene %
Identity:
100
100
100
99.3
99.3
100
21
32.7
-
-
-
100
-
-
-
99.7
99.9
100
-
-
-
99.4
99.7
99
98.9
99.4
99
-
-
-
98.5
99.4
-
65.6
77
98
94.8
98.1
95
22.2
33.8
86
-
-
-
23.5
40.1
58
-
-
-
31
50.9
44
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
For a wider analysis go to PhosphoNET Evolution in PhosphoNET
Binding Proteins
Examples of known interacting proteins
hiddentext
| No. | Name – UniProt ID |
|---|---|
| 1 | MARK1 - Q9P0L2 |
| 2 | MAP2K3 - P46734 |
| 3 | YWHAB - P31946 |
Regulation
Activation:
NA
Inhibition:
NA
Synthesis:
NA
Degradation:
NA
Known Upstream Kinases
For further details on these substrates click on the Substrate Short Name or UniProt ID. Phosphosite Location is hyperlinked to PhosphoNET
predictions.
Based on in vitro and/or in vivo phosphorylation data
| Kinase Short Name | UniProt ID (Human) | Phosphosite Location | Phosphosite Sequence | Effect of Phosphorylation |
|---|
Known Downstream Substrates
For further details on these substrates click on the Substrate Short Name or UniProt ID. Phosphosite Location is hyperlinked to PhosphoNET
predictions.
Based on in vitro and/or in vivo phosphorylation data
| Substrate Short Name | UniProt ID (Human) | Phosphosite Location | Phosphosite Sequence | Effect of Phosphorylation |
|---|
Protein Kinase Specificity
Matrix of observed frequency (%) of amino acids in aligned protein substrate phosphosites
Matrix Type:
Predicted from the application of the Kinexus Kinase Substrate Predictor Version 2.0 algorithm, which was trained with over 10,000 kinase-protein substrate pairs and 8,000 kinase-peptide substrate pairs.
Domain #:
1
Inhibitors
For further details on these inhibitors click on the Compound Name and enter it into DrugKiNET or click on the ID's
Based on in vitro and/or in vivo phosphorylation data
| Compound Name | KD, Ki or IC50 (nM) | PubChem ID | ChEMBL ID | PubMed ID |
|---|
Disease Linkage
Gene Expression in Cancers:
TranscriptoNET (www.transcriptonet.ca) analysis with mRNA expression data retrieved from the National Center for Biotechnology Information's Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database, which was normalized against 60 abundantly and commonly found proteins, indicated altered expression for this protein kinase as shown here as the percent change from normal tissue controls (%CFC) as supported with the Student T-test in the following types of human cancers: Barrett's esophagus epithelial metaplasia (%CFC= +146, p<0.007); Prostate cancer - metastatic (%CFC= +251, p<0.0001); Prostate cancer - primary (%CFC= +128, p<0.005); and Skin melanomas - malignant (%CFC= -57, p<0.002).
Mutagenesis Experiments:
Insertional mutagenesis studies in mice have not yet revealed a role for this protein kinase in mouse cancer oncogenesis.
Mutation Rate in All Cancers:
Percent mutation rates per 100 amino acids length in human cancers: 0.06 % in 24433 diverse cancer specimens. This rate is only -23 % lower than the average rate of 0.075 % calculated for human protein kinases in general.
Frequency of Mutated Sites:
None > 4 in 20,197 cancer specimens
Comments:
Only 2 deletions and 1 insertion, and no complex mutations are noted on the COSMIC website.